The Early Cretaceous hyperextended Mauléon rift is localized in the north-western Pyrenean orogen. We infer the Tertiary evolution of the Mauléon basin through the restoration of a 153 km-long crustal-scale balanced cross-section of the Pyrenean belt, which documents at least 67 km (31%) of orogenic shortening in the Western Pyrenees. Initial shortening, accommodated through inversion of inherited crustal structures, led to formation of a pop-up structure, in which the opposite edges underwent similar shortening with different tectonic reactivation styles, localized versus. distributed. Underthrusting of the Iberian margin accommodated further convergence, forming the Axial Zone antiformal stack of crustal nappes within a lithospheric pop-up. Thin-skinned and thick-skinned structures propagated outward from the heart of this pop-up, a block of strong mantle acting as a buttress inhibiting complete inversion of the Mauléon rift basin. This work is part of the OROGEN project, cofunded by Total S.A., BRGM and Institut national de sciences de l'Univers (INSU).