We consider a nonlocal Fisher-KPP equation that models a population structured in space and in phenotype. The population lives in a heterogeneous periodic environment: the diffusion coefficient, the mutation coefficient and the fitness of an individual may depend on its spatial position and on its phenotype. We first prove a Freidlin-Gärtner formula for the spreading speed of the population. We then study the behaviour of the spreading speed in different scaling limits (small and large period, small and large mutation coefficient). Finally, we exhibit new phenomena arising thanks to the phenotypic dimension. Our results are also valid when the phenotype is seen as another spatial variable along which the population does not spread.